Identified

Known Cases and Outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease, in Reverse Chronological Order.

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Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus Disease . The outbreak was unrelated to the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa. March 2. 01. 4- 2. Multiple countries. Ebola virus. 28. 65. Outbreak across multiple countries in West Africa.

Number of patients is constantly evolving due to the ongoing investigation. November 2. 01. 2- January 2. Uganda. Sudan virus.

Outbreak occurred in the Luwero District. CDC assisted the Ministry of Health in the epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects of the outbreak. Testing of samples by CDC’s Viral Special Pathogens Branch occurred at UVRI in Entebbe. June- November 2. Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Bundibugyo virus. Outbreak occurred in DRC’s Province Orientale. Laboratory support was provided through CDC and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)’s field laboratory in Isiro, as well as through the CDC/UVRI lab in Uganda. The outbreak in DRC had no epidemiologic link to the near contemporaneous Ebola outbreak in the Kibaale district of Uganda. June- October 2. 01.

Uganda. Sudan virus. Outbreak occurred in the Kibaale District of Uganda. Laboratory tests of blood samples were conducted by the UVRI and the CDC. May 2. 01. 1Uganda.

Sudan virus. 11 (1. The Uganda Ministry of Health informed the public a patient with suspected Ebola Hemorrhagic fever died on May 6, 2.

Luwero district, Uganda. The quick diagnosis from a blood sample of Ebola virus was provided by the new CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory installed at the Uganda Viral Research Institute (UVRI). December 2. 00. 8- February 2. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire virus. 32. 15 (4. Outbreak occurred in the Mweka and Luebo health zones of the Province of Kasai Occidental. November 2. 00. 8Philippines.

Reston virus. 6 (asymptomatic)0. First known occurrence of Ebola- Reston in pigs.

Strain closely similar to earlier strains. Six workers from the pig farm and slaughterhouse developed antibodies but did not become sick. December 2. 00. 7- January 2. Uganda. Bundibugyo virus. Outbreak occurred in Bundibugyo District in western Uganda. First reported occurrence of a new strain.

Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire virus. 26. 41. Outbreak occurred in Kasai Occidental Province. The outbreak was declared over November 2.

Last confirmed case on October 4 and last death on October 1. Russia. Zaire virus. Laboratory contamination. Sudan (South Sudan)Sudan virus. Outbreak occurred in Yambio county of southern Sudan.

This outbreak was concurrent with an outbreak of measles in the same area, and several suspected EHF cases were later reclassified as measles cases. November- December 2. Republic of the Congo. Zaire virus. 35. 29 (8.

Outbreak occurred in Mbomo and Mbandza villages located in Mbomo distric, Cuvette Ouest D. December 2. 00. 2- April 2. Republic of the Congo.

Zaire virus. 14. 31. Outbreak occurred in the districts of Mbomo and K. October 2. 00. 1- March 2. Republic of the Congo. Zaire virus. 57. 43 (7. Outbreak occurred over the border of Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. This was the first time that Ebola hemorrhagic fever was reported in the Republic of the Congo.

October 2. 00. 1- March 2. Gabon. Zaire virus. Outbreak occurred over the border of Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. Uganda. Sudan virus. Occurred in Gulu, Masindi, and Mbarara districts of Uganda.

The three most important risks associated with Ebola virus infection were attending funerals of Ebola hemorrhagic fever case- patients, having contact with case- patients in one’s family, and providing medical care to Ebola case- patients without using adequate personal protective measures. Russia. Zaire virus. Laboratory contamination 1. Philippines. Reston virus. Ebola- Reston virus was identified in a monkey export facility in the Philippines. No human infections were identified. USAReston virus. 00.

Ebola- Reston virus was introduced into a quarantine facility in Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines. No human infections were identified. South Africa. Zaire virus.

A medical professional traveled from Gabon to Johannesburg, South Africa, after having treated Ebola- infected patients and having been exposed to the virus. He was hospitalized, and a nurse who took care of him became infected and died. July- January)Gabon. Zaire virus. 60. 45 (7. Occurred in Boou.

Index case- patient was a hunter who lived in a forest camp. Disease was spread by close contact with infected persons. A dead chimpanzee found in the forest at the time was determined to be infected. January- April)Gabon. Zaire virus. 37. 21 (5. Occurred in Mayibout area.

A chimpanzee found dead in the forest was eaten by people hunting for food. Nineteen people who were involved in the butchery of the animal became ill; other cases occurred in family members. Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)Zaire virus. Occurred in Kikwit and surrounding area. Traced to index case- patient who worked in the forest adjoining the city.

The epidemic spread through families and hospitals. The patient was treated in Switzerland. Gabon. Zaire virus.

Occurred in M. Initially thought to be yellow fever; identified as Ebola hemorrhagic fever in 1. Italy. Reston virus. Ebola- Reston virus was introduced into quarantine facilities in Sienna by monkeys imported from the same export facility in the Philippines that was involved in the episodes in the United States.

No humans were infected. Philippines. Reston virus. High mortality among cynomolgus macaques in a primate facility responsible for exporting animals in the United States. Three workers in the animal facility developed antibodies but did not get sick. USAReston virus. 4 (asymptomatic)0. Ebola- Reston virus was introduced once again into quarantine facilities in Virginia, and Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines.

Four people developed antibodies but did not get sick. USAReston virus. 00. Act Like A Lady, Think Like A Man: Remix! Steve Celebrates The Eight-Year Anniversary Of His Book, With Updated Tips! on this page. Ebola- Reston virus was introduced into quarantine facilities in Virginia and Pennsylvania by monkeys imported from the Philippines. Sudan (South Sudan)Sudan virus.

Occurred in Nzara, Maridi. Recurrent outbreak at the same site as the 1. Sudan epidemic. 5.

Zaire. Zaire virus. Noted retrospectively in the village of Tandala.

England. Sudan virus. Laboratory infection by accidental stick of contaminated needle. Sudan (South Sudan)Sudan virus. Occurred in Nzara, Maridi and the surrounding area.

Disease was spread mainly through close personal contact within hospitals. Many medical care personnel were infected. Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo – DRC)Zaire virus.

Occurred in Yambuku and surrounding area. Disease was spread by close personal contact and by use of contaminated needles and syringes in hospitals/clinics.

This outbreak was the first recognition of the disease. Numbers reflect laboratory confirmed cases only.

References. World Health Organization. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1. Report of an International Convention. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1. Report of a WHO/International Study Team .

Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Emond RT, Evans B, Bowen ET, et al. A case of Ebola virus infection. British Medical Journal. Heymann DL, Weisfeld JS, Webb PA, et al.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1. City Slickers In Westworld there. Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Baron RC, Mc. Cormick JB, and Zubeir OA. Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread . Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Dalgard DW, et al.

Preliminary report: isolation of Ebola virus from monkeys imported to USA. Centers for Disease Control. Update: Filovirus infection in animal handlers.

Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report. Hayes CG, Burans JP, Ksiazek TG, et al. Outbreak of fatal illness among captive macaques in the Philippines caused by an Ebola- related filovirus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Miranda ME, White ME, Dayrit MM, Hayes CG, Ksiazek TG, and Burans JP. Seroepidemiological study of filovirus related to Ebola in the Philippines.

World Health Organization. Viral haemorrhagic fever in imported monkeys .

Weekly Epidemiological Record. Georges AJ, Leroy EM, Renaud AA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1. Journal of Infectious Diseases. S6. 5- 7. 5. Le Guenno B, Formenty P, Wyers M, et al. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus.

Khan AS, Tshioko FK, Heymann DL, et al. The Reemergence of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1. Journal of Infectious Diseases. S7. 6- S8. 6. World Health Organization. Ebola haemorrhagic fever – South Africa . Weekly Epidemiological Record.

Rollin PE, Williams J, Bressler D, et al. Isolated cases of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus among quarantined non- human primates recently imported from the Philippines to the United States. Journal of Infectious Diseases. S1. 08- S1. 14. Miranda ME, Ksiazek TG, Retuya TJ, et al. Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines, 1. Journal of Infectious Diseases.

S1. 15- S1. 19. Borisevich IV, Markin VA, Firsova IV, et al. Hemorrhagic (Marburg, Ebola, Lassa, and Bolivian) fevers: epidemiology, clinical pictures, and treatment. Voprosy Virusologii – Problems of Virology (Moscow).

An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health. World Health Organization. Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Congo and Gabon, October 2. July 2. 00. 2 . Weekly Epidemiological Report. Formenty P, Libama F, Epelboin A, et al.

Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, 2. Medecine Tropicale (Marseille). World Health Organization. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo – Update 6. Weekly Epidemiological Record. January 2. 00. 4.

World Health Organization. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Yambio, south Sudan, April- June 2. Weekly Epidemiological Record. Akinfeyeva LA, Aksyonova OI, Vasilyevich IV, et al. A case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Infektsionnye Bolezni (Moscow). Mardi, le 2. 0 novembre 2.

Dr Victor Makwenge Kaput, Ministre de la Sant.